Category: Cardiology

Cardiac CT - Left coronary artery: Cardiac CT scan at the level of the aortic sinuses, showing the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and its two branches. LAD:

Left atrial rhythm: It is left atrial rhythm because of inverted P waves in inferior leads along with upright P waves in V1 and inverted P waves in

Indices of left atrial remodeling: Some of the important indices of left atrial remodeling are 1) Minimum left atrial volume 2) Left atrial emptying fraction 3) Left atrial peak

Cardiomegaly in Eisenmenger syndrome (on X-ray chest PA view) is seen in: VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect) Eisenmenger ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) Eisenmenger PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus) Eisenmenger VSD

The Friedewald equation is used to calculate VLDL-c (very low density lipoprotein cholesterol) and LDL-c (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels in a lipoprotein estimation test.

Indicators of a large left to right shunt are cardiac enlargement, presence of flow murmurs and third heart sound and a wide pulse pressure in case of patent

Cardiac CT – Pulmonary veins and left atrium Cardiac CT scan showing pulmonary veins and left atrium Cardiac CT scan at the level where pulmonary veins join the

Central venous pressure monitoring is done in critical care units to assess the right sided filling pressure in guiding intravenous fluid therapy.

Atrial repolarization wave is usually not evident on the ECG as it has a low amplitude of 100 to 200 microvolts and is usually hidden in the QRS

Dextrocardia and dextroposition: In dextrocardia, the apex of the heart points to the right while in dextroposition, the heart is just pushed to the right.