Enhanced tendency for arrhythmias in pregnancy In general there is an enhancement of tendency for arrhythmias in pregnancy. Isolated ventricular ectopic beats are probably the commonest arrhythmia in
Right ventricular apical pacing and mitral regurgitation Right ventricular apical pacing may sometimes cause mitral regurgitation or worsen a pre-existing mitral regurgitation. Several mechanisms have been considered for
Electrosurgery and pacemakers Electrosurgical equipment use radiofrequency energy in the range of 0.1 to 5 MHz. This can cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) with pacemakers and other cardiac implantable
MRI conditional pacemakers Conventionally MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is contraindicated in those with implanted pacemakers due to possibility of electromagnetic interference (EMI) with pacemaker function. MRI-conditional means that
Medical sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) to pacemakers and ICD Medical sources of electromagnetic interference to pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators include: Electrocautery: Interference can be reduced placing the
Hall sensor (Hall effect sensor) Hall effect sensor is the modern replacement for the reed switches in pacemakers and ICDs (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator). It is used in MRI-conditional (magnetic
Reed switch in a pacemaker / ICD Reed switch is used to activate the magnet mode in pacemaker / ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator). It is basically a collection of
Effect of magnet application on pacemakers and ICDs The exact effect of magnet application on the various functions of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators will depend on the make
Modified Carpentier functional classification of mitral valve disease Modified Carpentier functional classification of mitral valve disease: Carpentier in 1983 described a classification, mainly for mitral regurgitation, from the