Straightening of left border in mitral stenosis, on X-ray chest PA view The uppermost portion on the left cardiac border is the aortic knuckle. The next slight bulge
May-Thurner syndrome (Iliac vein compression syndrome) May-Thurner syndrome denotes iliac vein compression by the crossing iliac artery at the iliocaval junction [1]. Usually it is the left iliac
Diagnostic tests for carcinoid syndrome Carcinoid syndrome is usually a manifestation of metastatic carcinoid tumor. This is because the liver acts as a first filter metabolizing hormones secreted
PFO detection by saline contrast echocardiography Patent foramen ovale can cause paradoxical embolism and stroke. Hence in every case of stroke, it is necessary to look for a
Associations of patent foramen ovale (PFO) Associations of patent foramen ovale: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a small defect in the inter atrial septum in the region of
Atrial septal aneurysm Atrial septal aneurysm is an aneurysmal portion in the region of the fossa ovalis with a diameter of least 1.5 cm and having movement amplitude
Valsalva maneuvers in daily life Valsalva maneuvers in daily life include: Coughing Sneezing Squatting Defecation Micturition These Valsalva maneuvers in daily life can produce transient right to left
Longer detection times reduce ICD shocks without compromising safety – ADVANCE III Trial Longer detection times reduce ICD shocks without compromising safety: Even though implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
Pulmonary edema due to beta agonist used as tocolytic Beta agonist given as a tocolytic to prevent premature labour can rarely cause pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema with use
