Uninterpretable risk score for coronary CT angiography associated with: diabetes, hypertension, COPD, sedentary lifestyle, BMI, age, and history of AF.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has the advantage that it is less operator dependent than echocardiography regarding the acquisition of images.
Evaluation of a patient with grown up congenital heart disease (GUCH) is similar to any other patient and begins with a good history to assess symptoms.
Eisenmenger syndrome can be considered as the final common pathway for all significant left to shunts in which there is unrestricted pulmonary blood flow.
In Ebstein anomaly a portion of the right ventricle is atrialised due to distal displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve.