All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Proximal left coronary artery on echocardiogram Proximal portion of major coronary arteries can often be seen on echocardiography, while the distal regions can seldom be imaged. Coronary arteries

Moderate AS, AR – Continuous wave Doppler Aortic stenosis jet has a peak gradient of 61 mm Hg and mean gradient of 33 mm Hg. Peak gradient derived

Anti-Streptococcal Vaccine: Mutations can occur in weeks, making the vaccine ineffective. Hence an effective anti streptococcal vaccine for prevention of rheumatic fever it difficult to develop.

Severe aortic regurgitation – Echo Severe aortic regurgitation: Echocardiogram in parasternal long axis (PLAX) view shows dilated left ventricle (LV), left atrium (LA), aorta (Ao) and a small

Which of the following is known as Spider View? a) LAO caudal view b) RAO caudal view c) AP caudal view d) AP cranial view Correct answer: a)

LIMA to LAD coronary bypass graft (CABG) LIMA to LAD coronary bypass graft: LIMA (left internal mammary artery) is to date the most durable conduit for coronary artery

SVG (saphenous vein graft) to obtuse marginal (OM) branch Coronary angiogram in a post coronary artery bypass (CABG) person. Sternal wires indicate the post CABG status. Catheter tip

Bridging collaterals on coronary angiogram Bridging collaterals are a feature of chronic total coronary occlusions. They bridge between the proximal and distal parts of a coronary artery which

Which of the following is not used in provocative testing for Brugada syndrome? a) Ajmaline b) Isoprenaline c) Flecainide d) Procainamide Correct answer: b) Isoprenaline ST elevation in

Proximal right coronary artery stenosis Right coronary artery stenosis: Right coronary angiogram in LAO (left anterior oblique) cranial view shows proximal luminal irregularities with narrowest segment near the