All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Shone complex – surgical results Shone complex, originally described in 1963, [1] is combination of serial obstructions in the left heart at multiple levels. The original description included

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has higher resolution of 10 - 20 microns, but tissue penetration is only 2 - 3 mm, compared to 10 mm for IVUS.

Connexin 40 (Cx40) is a tissue-specific gap junction protein. Gap junctions are important in providing cell to cell coupling for propagation of impulses.

Decellularized pulmonary homograft is a cadaver derived allograft, processed to remove cells so that what remains is a scaffold of connective tissue.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is described as an association with gadolinium based contrast agents in those with renal failure.

Dobutamine stress echocardiography is used as a pharmacological stress test when treadmill stress test is not feasible.

Gap junctions provide cell to cell coupling. Changes in distribution and expression of gap junctions is known as gap junction remodeling.

Functional SYNTAX score is calculated using data from coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Intracardiac echocardiography allows excellent resolution images as high frequency transducers can be used in close proximity to structures being imaged.

Stentless bioprosthetic valves do not have supporting framework so that they can have a higher effective valve orifice area.