Author: Johnson Francis

Saphenous veins grafts are used with single distal targets as well as with multiple distal targets.

Non obstructive coronary plaques do not need percutaneous coronary interventions, but some of them may lead on to acute coronary events later on.

Complete lipid atherogenic risk burden takes into account all atherogenic cholesterol particles like LDL-C, Lp(a), IDL-C, chylomicron remnants, and VLDL-C.

Newer drugs for treatment of AF: vernakalant, Newer class III agents, blockers of Na-Ca channel, stretch receptors, IKACh and gap junction modifiers.

Assessment of atrial repolarization on surface ECG is difficult as it is obscured by the QRS complex during sinus rhythm.

All of the following are seen in cTGA except: a) VSD in 75% b) Subpulmonic stenosis c) CHB d) No right sided Q waves, presence of Q waves in V5, V6

Two of the foremost emerging lipid risk markers are apolipoprotein B (apoB) and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C).

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is being accepted more and more as an effective treatment for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients at high surgical risk.

HOCM, family h/o multiple SCD, LVH > 30 mm, all needed except: a) Asymptomatic brother should have echo b) Beta blocker c) EPS to exclude need for ICD

Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is seen in all except: a) Cor triatriatum dexter b) Congenital MS c) Diastolic left ventricular dysfunction d) Pulmonary vein stenosis