What is chronotropic incompetence? Chronotropic incompetence is the inability of the heart to increase its rate according to the body’s demand, mostly with increased activity. Chronotropic incompetence can
Role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in heart failure Reduced exercise tolerance is an important symptom of heart failure regardless of the left ventricular ejection fraction, meaning that
Diaphragmatic stimulation in heart failure: Novel concept Diaphragmatic stimulation is an effective tool for controlling respiration and has been useful in breathing disorders. Left ventricle is in close
Unroofing of myocardial bridge Myocardial bridge is a segment of coronary artery which has an intramyocardial course. It is mostly considered as an incidental finding and is often
LBBB induced cardiomyopathy Left bundle branch block (LBBB) induced cardiomyopathy is due to the mechanical dyssynchrony caused by the abnormal activation pattern in LBBB. Response to cardiac resynchronization
What are the important prosthetic valve emergencies? While most of the native valve emergencies are due regurgitations, prosthetic valve emergencies can be due to regurgitations or stenosis. Most
What is exercise induced cardiac remodeling? Repetitive participation in vigorous physical exercise is associated with significant changes in myocardial structure and function. This process has been called exercise
What is a bidirectional Glenn procedure (BDG)? The classical Glenn procedure is an end to end anastomosis of the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery so
What is inappropriate sinus tachycardia? Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is sinus tachycardia inappropriate to the clinical situation. It is defined as sinus rates above 100 beats per minute
Breast arterial calcification a new risk marker for cardiovascular disease! Coronary artery calcification noted on computed tomographic (CT) evaluation is a well known marker of coronary artery disease.
