Nephrogenic systemic sclerosis – Cardiology MCQ

Potential method/s to reduce the risk of nephrogenic systemic sclerosis after magnetic resonance imaging:
a) Limiting the dose of gadolinium based contrast agent to less than 0.1 mmol/Kg body weight
b) Dialysing them quickly after contrast administration
c) Delaying contrast administration till recovery of renal function in those with acute renal failure
d) All of the above
Correct answer: d) All of the above
In addition to these, avoiding non linear gadolinium based contrast agents in those with renal failure, more so when there are pro inflammatory conditions associated is also useful.
Reference

1. Zou Z et al. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis. Review of 370 Biopsy-Confirmed Cases. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011; 4:1206-1216.