All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Severe aortic stenosis with low trans valvar gradient could be due to LV dysfunction or a specific subset with normal ejection fraction.

Atrial flutter ECG

Serial ECGs showing disappearance of WPW syndrome pattern of pre-excitation.

ECG leads V1H to V6H are recorded one intercostal space above the conventional position, and leads V1L to V6L are recorded one intercostal space below.

Type A right ventricular hypertrophy is characterized by: a. Dominant R wave in V1 without deep S wave in V6 b. Dominant R wave in V1 and deep S wave

Severe mitral stenosis is defined as mitral valve area less than: a. 0.5 sq cm b. 1 sq cm c. 1.25 sq cm d. 0.75 sq cm

Combination of constrictive pericarditis with restrictive cardiomyopathy is seen in: a. Radiation b. Amyloidosis c. Postcardiotomy syndrome d. Adriamycin cardiotoxicity

Mitral valve area (2-D) is measured in: a. Parasternal short axis view b. Suprasternal view c. Apical four chamber view d. Parasternal long axis view

M-mode measurements of the left ventricle are taken at the level of: a. Mitral leaflets b. Chordal level c. Apical level d. Papillary muscle level

What is the most likely diagnosis? a. RV endomyocardial fibrosis b. Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve c. Severe pulmonary hypertension d. MS