Metabolic modulation in heart failure Most of the treatment strategies in heart failure like angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) and
Chest X-ray in left to right shunts Chest X-ray is a simple, cheap and easily available investigation for the evaluation of left to right shunts. But it is
Coronary angiographic views Coronary angiography is done in multiple projections or views to get a three dimensional idea of the coronary lesions. Some regions of the coronary arteries
Ebstein’s anomaly and pregnancy Ebstein’s anomaly of tricuspid valve was first described by Wilhelm Ebstein in 1866 [1]. It is characterized by distal displacement of the septal and
Management of aortic dissection Aortic dissection is the most common aortic emergency. It is one of the three acute aortic syndromes, the others being aortic intramural hematoma and
Basic principles of rotablation Rotablation or rotational atherectomy uses a diamond coated burr to debulk complex atherosclerotic plaques which are difficult to treat with conventional balloon angioplasty. The
Neoatherosclerosis Neointimal proliferation can occur within a coronary stent. Chronic inflammation within the neointima with infiltration of macrophages leads to neoatherosclerosis and result in in-stent restenosis. Disruption of
ISCHEMIA Trial – Review International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial was funded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others.
Health effects of partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils contain trans fatty acids which are different from the natural fatty acids in vegetable oils and
Fetal and transitional circulation Fetal circulation is different from adult circulation. The changes occurring soon after birth constitutes transitional circulation. Respiratory gas exchange in the fetus occurs in