Cardiac chambers and pericardium on CXR Right atrium: Right atrium forms the right heart border, usually seen just outside the right side of spine. Right atrial enlargement is
Aortic and pulmonary vascular abnormalities on CXR Aortic abnormalities on CXR Right aortic arch: Side of aortic arch is recognized by the indentation of tracheal air shadow. Normally
Chest X-ray – overview Chest X-ray (CXR) PA view (Figure 7.1) is the one routinely taken for cardiac evaluation. Lateral view and oblique views are rarely taken in
ECG in coronary artery disease ECG changes in coronary artery disease (CAD) can be in any of the waves or segments. Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the
Electrical axis in ECG Electrical axis can be calculated for the P wave, QRS complex, T wave and even the ST segment. But when we mention axis deviation,
Basic electrocardiography Electrocardiogram is the recording of the electrical signals of the heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded from the body surface is known as surface ECG while that recorded
Cardiac embryology Cardiovascular system is the first system to develop in the embryo. Cardiac progenitor cells develop into cardiac myoblasts. These surround the cardiogenic field formed by the
Basic cardiac electrophysiology The conduction system of the heart consists of specialized conduction tissue. It consists of the sinoatrial node (SA node), internodal pathways, atrioventricular node (AV node),
Cardiac action potential Typically described cardiac action potential is that of the myocardial cell. Action potential of tissues like sinus node will be different and characterized by diastolic