Role of Valsalva maneuver in cardiology The initial description of Valsalva maneuver was published by Antonio Maria Valsalva in 1704. It was forced expiratory effort against the closed
Echocardiographic assessment of patient-prosthesis mismatch Patient-prosthesis mismatch is present when the effective prosthetic valve area is less than that of the normal human valve [1]. The reduction in
Left ventricular remodeling Left ventricular remodeling occurs in response to left ventricular stress and injury. It is progressive and occurs after large myocardial infarctions and dilated cardiomyopathy. Left
Basic echocardiographic views Echocardiography is now not restricted to the echocardiographic laboratory. It is used in the emergency department, at bedside, in the intensive care unit as well
Aquatic or underwater treadmill exercise is gaining popularity as a means of exercise training in persons with osteoarthritis who cannot exercise on a land treadmill.
H2FPEF score H2FPEF score is a simple scoring system using clinical characteristics and echocardiography for differentiation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from noncardiac causes of
Phenogroups in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Clustering analysis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been used to define three distinct phenogroups by Shah
Obesity and Low BNP B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) are often estimated in patients presenting with breathlessness to look for evidence of heart failure.
Transpulmonary gradient and diastolic pressure gradient Transpulmonary gradient (TPG) is defined as the difference between the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and the left atrial pressure, which is usually
Annulus paradoxus and annulus reversus on tissue Doppler in constrictive pericarditis Annulus paradoxus The term “annulus paradoxus” was proposed by Ha JW et al to indicate the inverse